Learn about bladder cancer
Elements of the subject
1_ Description of bladder cancer
2 _ types of bladder cancer
3 _ Causes of bladder cancer
4_ Threat factors
5 _ The most vulnerable groups
6_ Symptoms of the disease
7_ When should you see a specialist?
8_ Complications
9_ Diagnosis
10_ treatment
11_ Protection
12_ False generalities
1_ Description of bladder cancer
Most types of cancer are named after where they form, so when polyps appear in the bladder, they are called bladder cancer.
Most types of bladder cancer begin to appear in the inner sublayer, and the condition worsens as the polyps increase in size and invade the rest of the layers, and over time they may grow outside the bladder to reach lymphatic protrusions and other organs such as bones, lungs, liver, and others.
2 _ types of bladder cancer
• The most common type is urothelial melanoma (formerly known as transitional cell melanoma). This type begins in the inner cells lining the bladder, and can spread to another passage in the urinary system.
Other less common types of graded cell melanoma and adenocarcinoma are others.
Classification of cancer according to the extent to which the appendages enter the layers of the bladder
• Non-invasive cancer that remains in the inner sub-layer of the bladder and does not reach the other layers.
• Invasive cancer: penetrates into the other layers of the bladder wall, and can spread and be difficult to treat.
Classification of cancer according to the way the polyps grow
• The papilloma is the one that grows in the form of a cylinder that starts from the inner sub-layer of the bladder towards the inside, ie it moves to the bladder. This type is called non-invasive papilloma.
• Flat carcinoma (carcinoma in situ), which grows only on the wall of the bladder.
3 _ Causes of bladder cancer
The true cause of bladder cancer has not been linked; But there are some factors that increase the risk of infection.
4_ Threat factors
• Smoking is the most common risk factor that increases the risk of developing bladder cancer.
• Family history.
• Exposure to radiation directed directly into the pelvis.
• Radiation therapy used to treat another type of cancer that has formed in an area near the bladder (such as the colon).
• Using a certain type of chemotherapy to treat another type of cancer.
• Exposure to pollution (such as chemicals used in the manufacture of plastics, colorants, rubber, etc.).
• Frequent and usual discomfort in the urinary system (eg urinary tract infections, effects of the system and bladder, urinary catheterization, etc.).
• Some types of parasitic infections.
5 _ The most vulnerable groups
Gender affects men more than women.
Age can affect people of any age. But the possibility of infection increases with age.
6_ Symptoms of the disease
The most common symptom is blood in the urine, which is generally not accompanied by pain and the blood may not be clear.
• frequent urination.
• Pain during urination.
• Pain in the lower part of the abdomen.
• Back ache.
• An unexpected urgency to urinate.
In advanced cases, the following symptoms may appear
inability to urinate
Loss of appetite and weight.
exhausted
Inflated rules.
Pain in the bones.
The appearance of the previous symptoms does not necessarily mean that you have bladder cancer, it may appear due to another health problem, so it is necessary to conduct a medical examination to find out the cause and treat it.
7_ When should you see a specialist?
When blood appears in the urine (already if it is intermittent), as well as when other alarming symptoms appear.
8_ Complications
• Psychological effects may increase the likelihood of developing depression.
• Urinary tract infection.
• Urinary retention.
• Nephropathy.
• The return of the tumor again.
• Sexual problems, erectile dysfunction, and vaginal tightness.
• Urinary incontinence.
• Complications that may appear after surgery (similar to inflammation of the surgical site).
9_ Diagnosis
• Medical history.
• Medical examination in the clinic.
• Laboratory tests where a urine analysis is done to look for other causes of symptoms.
• Cystoscopy.
• Taking an autopsy of the bladder.
• Other examinations, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, orthopedic examination, x-rays.
Periodic examination should be carried out after recovery from bladder cancer; Because the tumor may reappear.
10_ treatment
There are multiple treatment methods, and choosing the right treatment for your condition depends largely on the type, size and stage of bladder cancer and the person's overall health, and includes
• Surgery, which includes removing the tumor or removing all or part of the bladder.
• Surgery to drain the urinary tract after cystectomy.
• Radiation therapy.
• Chemotherapy.
• Immunotherapy.
• Palliative care.
11_ Protection
There is no sure way to help treat bladder cancer. But you can reduce the risk of infection
• Avoid smoking or quit if the person is a smoker.
• Be careful when handling chemicals in the factory, and follow safety guidelines.
• Make sure to eat a healthy diet rich in a variety of fruits and vegetables.
• Make sure to drink an acceptable amount of fluids (especially water).
12_ False generalities
Abstaining from urination causes bladder cancer.
The truth is not true at all. But it can also be caused by other carcinogenic factors (for example, the spread of parasitic and bacterial infections that can affect bladder fullness) that lead to changes with other genetic factors and expose the person to infection.
In this topic, we have provided you with everything you need to know about bladder cancer
mohamed kadi 1 nov 2021
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